Background And Introduction Of Kingsgrove High School

Background and Introduction Kingsgrove High School is a comprehensive, co-educational secondary public school in the Rockdale region. According to the data presented on the My School website, students are predominately from low socio-economic backgrounds with a below average school Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA) of 988 (Myschool, 2014). Kingsgrove High School also has 85% of students with Language Backgrounds Other Than English (Myschool, 2014). More than half of the total regional population (54.4%) speaks a language other than English at home (ABS, 2011). The school incorporates a P C into the school culture. However, Kingsgrove High School has a higher level of EAL/D students (85%), which means there are potentially more students requiring support. As such, it is an essential call for funding to a research project Engaging Parents from EAL/D Background in School Cultural Activities. Our project will take reasonable and achievable steps to design, implement and evaluate what stimulate parental engagement in ‘school life’ and how to engage in the school culture. Research suggest that children benefit from family-school collaborations that provide parents with opportunities to shape their children’s learning (Krejci, 2002). Working with parents collaboratively shown a positive impact on students’ learning outcome (Swap, 1987). This literature review will explore the existing research that frame the issues of what stimulates parental engagement in

Tilapia; from the Nile to the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This study addressed the potential of tilapia aquaculture as a major contributor to food production and poverty alleviation all over the world. To encompass this subject, tilapia history, origin, aquaculture potential, constraints, current and future production levels were reviewed. Tilapias are native to the River Nile and Africa in general then they were introduced and disseminated worldwide. Positive aquacultural characteristics of tilapia made tilapias the most cultured species worldwide now and in the near future. Tilapia world production is expected to reach 3 million tons this year 2010. Thus, tilapias could make a significant contribution to the livelihoods support especially in the tropical and subtropical countries. Key words: Tilapia, Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, introduction, production, River Nile. INTRODUCTION Tilapia is the second world wide cultured species after carps. They are also known as â€Å"Aquaculture Chicken† as they are present in all continents except Antarctic. Tilapia culture goes back to the ancient Egyptians who cultured Nile tilapia in ponds around 5000 years ago as indicated by paints on the walls of Pharaohs’ tombs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tilapia; from the Nile to the World" essay for you Create order Moreover, tilapia has a Hilogryphs and was known as in. t. Aristotle named it as â€Å"Nile Tilapia† or fish of the Nile; 300 years BC. Thus, Tilapia is native to the Nile River (Fig. 1) and to Africa in general (1 and 2). Tilapias were then introduced to many countries in the 1950s and 1960s as a wonder fish. Although tilapia had certainly, a major impact on aquaculture developments in Asia and the Pacific since the 1970s, there are some claims that tilapias are invasive and affected the native species in the natural water ecosystems. However, there is scant explicit evidence to indicate that tilapias have been overly destructive environmentally (6). Such claims frightened and prevented some countries such as Australia to introduce tilapia culture to their lands. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review tilapia production, the constraints hindering global tilapia culture and to discuss the suggested solutions as well as future perspectives. Fig. 1 Map of the River Nile Taxonomical classification Recently, there are 3 main genera of tilapia (under family Cichlidae) according to the reproductive behavior; Oreochromis (Females only are mouth brooders), Sarotherodon (both males and females share in the process of mouth incubation of eggs, larvae and frys) and Tilapia (substrate breeders) (Figs. 2 3). Before 1970s, all tilapia species were categorized under 1 genus; tilapia. Commonly, tilapia nilotica is still used by some scientists who don’t accept the modern classification (1). Fig. 2 The most common Tilapia species and hybrids Fig. 3 Reproductive behavior of tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus Introduction of tilapia to Asia and to the world Although aquaculture is considered an old tradition, modern aquaculture is essentially a post-1950 phenomenon. O. niloticus became the preferred tilapia species for aquaculture in the region (3). Although it is difficult to assess whether this species has made a significant contribution to the animal protein needs of rural Asian communities, it certainly had a major impact on aquaculture developments in Asia and the Pacific since the 1970s. Twelve tilapia species (six Oreochromis spp. ; two Sarotherodon spp. ; and four Tilapia spp. ) and one hybrid have been introduced into 30 Asian countries. Of the species introduced to Asia, O. mossambicus and O. niloticus are by far the most important from both production and scientific points of view. These species are now widely distributed in most of Asia and occur in natural and quasi-natural waters making them a part of the fish fauna of most of tropical and even sub-tropical Asian aquatic environments (4). The red tilapia, a hybrid between strains of O. mossambicus x O. niloticus is currently considered as important to aquaculture in Asia (5). In general, Tilapias have been introduced into over 90 countries worldwide, with a global distribution second only to common carp. Although tilapia has been associated with adverse environmental impacts, detailed analysis of the literature suggested that other factors, such as over fishing, environmental degradation from land-based activities, and changes in hydrological regime have probably been more responsible for adverse impacts. It is clear that numerous factors working together can impact biodiversity. It is also clear that tilapias, as a group of alien species, have made a significant contribution to food production, poverty alleviation and livelihoods support in Asia and the Pacific. In spite of the wide-scale introduction into Asian waters, there is scant explicit evidence to indicate that tilapias have been overly destructive environmentally (6). Thus, Asian countries are major producers and consumers (7) Tilapia Production The current aquaculture production (2002) of tilapias is about 1. 5 million tones, the great bulk of which takes place in Asia accounting for nearly 80 percent of the total world production. It is important to note, however, that tilapia culture in Africa and South America is also increasing. Prior to the mid-1990s, the yield of tilapia from capture fisheries was greater than that from aquaculture. Currently, the later accounts for approximately 2. 5 times the production from capture fisheries. Tilapia aquaculture production increased from 28 000 tons to 1. 504 million tons globally from 1970 to 2002; in Asia and the Pacific, production increased from 23 000 tons to 1. 192 million tons equivalent to an annual growth rate of 13. 2 percent and 13. 1 percent, respectively. In contrast, capture fisheries for tilapias have grown at the rate of 3. 5 percent per annum. China alone produces nearly half of the world tilapia production followed by Egypt, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan (Fig. ). Tilapias can be reared in ponds, tanks, cages and rice fields. Fig. 4 The highest ranked countries in Tilapia production Constraints of Tilapia culture †¢Over-population due to early sexual maturity of tilapia. †¢Cold sensitivity. †¢Vulnerability for toxins of blue green algae in case of tilapia monoculture. †¢Claims of invasiveness of tilapia. Suggested solutions a nd useful practices †¢Production of monosex tilapia via Genetic hybridization. †¢Avoid hormonal monosex production. †¢Sterilization. †¢Polyculture with predators like catfish. †¢Crossing with cold resistant strains such as O. ureus. †¢More research is still needed to mitigate the sensitivity to blue green algae’s toxin. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Positive aquacultural characteristics of tilapia as their tolerance to poor water quality, easy spawning, biological controllers for aquatic weeds and mosquitoes as well as the fact that they eat a wide range of natural food organisms make tilapias the most cultured species worldwide now and in the near future. Tilapia world production is expected to reach 3 million tons in this year 2010 (Fig. 5) (double of tilapia production in 2002). Thus, tilapias could make a significant contribution to food production, poverty alleviation and livelihoods support all over the world especially in the tropical and subtropical countries. Fig. 5 Future global tilapia production from aquaculture REFERENCES 1- SRAC; Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (1999): â€Å"Tilapia Life History and Biology†. SRAC Publication No. 283. 2- www. miami-aquaculture. com 3- Smith, I. R. and Pullin, R. S. V. (1984): â€Å"Tilapia production booms in the Philippines†. ICLARM Newsletter 7: 7 9. 4- Pethiyagoda, R. (1994): â€Å"Treats to indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their conservation†. Hydrobiologia 285: 189 201. 5- Welcomme, R. L. Vidthayanon, C. (1999): â€Å"Report on the impacts of introductions and stocking in the Mekong Basin and policies for control. Management of Reservoir Fisheries in the Mekong Basin†, Phase I. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Mekong River Commission, 62 pp. 6- De Silva, S. S; Subasinghe, R. P. ; Bartley, D. M. ; Lowther, A. (2004): â€Å"Tilapias as alien aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: a review†. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 453. Rome, FAO. 2004. 65p. 7- Kevin Fitzsimmons (2008): â€Å"Global Update 2008: Tilapia Production, Innovations, and Markets†. Orlando, FL, Aquaculture America, Feb 2008.

A Lot Of People See Gun Control In Every Way, Shape And

A lot of people see gun control in every way, shape and form as taking a bit of our freedom away. Others do not have an issue with gun control. Gun control is an issue of safety, education, race, and politics. Most gun owning Americans believe that just because certain people do not know how to use their freedom of having control over their own guns does not mean everyone else should have their freedom of gun control and ownership taken away by liberal politicians, most who have not even owned or shot a gun in their whole entire life. The Second Amendment of the United States Constitutions says that the people have the right to bear arms and it is not to be infringed. There is a reason why it is in the Bill of Rights and there is also a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, when a person is going to commit a crime upon someone they might think twice about what they are going to do, because they have no idea if that person is carrying a gun or not. The United States has become very restrictive when granting a person to own guns. Certain states have come up with the Shall Issue law, which prevents anyone to own, or carry firearms if that person has a criminal record with a felony or has a mental disorder. Many states even require a permit to carry a concealed gun in public. Most people learn about responsibility during their childhood and what they learn reflects what they do and how they act when they get older and become adults. Children that live in a good household tend to have better understandings of life and respect other people and their lives. Children would also have a better idea of recreation, for example hunting, and for a mean of protection from criminals. On the other hand, the children who grow up in problematic homes and that have uncaring parents, who are usually criminals themselves, tend to turn to crime. They are just doing what they believe is right, since that is how they were raised. So, we need to educate children about the potential dangers of firearms if they are not respected and treated with care. Most Americans who believe that more guns equal more crime are afraid of the people who carry guns in public places, openShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1195 Words   |  5 PagesCameron Rose Mrs. Rose P.5 Gun Control, Research Paper 25 February 2016 â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Bill of Rights, 1791). As said by our founding fathers, over two centuries ago, the right to own guns will not be taken away. However recently, there has been a push for a ban on guns, due to the increase in school shootings, homicides, and suicides over the years. Because of thisRead MoreThe National Rifle Association of America Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesis going on right now with the NRA and the issues that they are defending. Ever since the NRA was founded, it has been doing things to help out the people of this country and to shape the country itself. There are so many controversies that are going on today in politics that are the center of the NRA’s philosophy. The NRA does a lot for the people of this country by impacting the lives of millions of Americans, through its many organizations. Not to mention, th e NRA is a non-profit organizationRead MoreWe Have The Right Of Bear Arms1449 Words   |  6 Pageswho think that guns kill and cause violence and murders. The protesters like to blame the gun for what people do, the gun doesn’t shoot itself, and it’s the ignorant person behind it. America is known for their gun power and strength and if you take that all away then countries will be able to attack us more easily. The key is to be responsible with guns, which would make no problems. It is not easy to stop the crimes but we can always make an effort to. The main reasons we need guns in this countryRead MoreHandmaids Tale - Power and Control1210 Words   |  5 Pagesplace of power and control in the opening chapters of The Handmaid’s Tale?’ The Republic of Gilead is the fictional country which Margaret Atwood chose as the setting for her dystopian novel, The Handmaid’s Tale. We can infer from the first chapter that Gilead is within the borders of the USA from the fact that ‘old’ blankets still said US: this hints that some sort of major catastrophe has occurred before the time of the novel to change this. The first few chapters suggest a lot about the settingRead MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control1226 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction. I am against waivers for private colleges because it does not work for the less fortunate part of the economy that cannot afford a way of transportation, for their child to get to the private school. The economy needs to cut taxes on small businesses so that those small businesses can grow and growth is what America needs. Part of the way I wish to see America grow is by increasing to our military and keeping us safe, because if we do not insure our safety and security t han our efforts toRead MoreThe World Mental Health Organization1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Mental Health Organization (WHO) define mental health as â€Å"A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.† There are many factors that go into what categorizes a person as â€Å"at risk†. According to the National Institute for Mental Health, an at-risk person is one that a person that has demonstrated or expressed theRead MoreAn Analysis Of George Orwell s The World Of A World Surveillance 970 Words   |  4 Pagesmade in which there is no such thing as privacy. You are just being watched every day on what you do and say and if you do something that disturbs the government there s a punishment. You can t hide nor try to run away because there is no way to escape. Big Brother is watching. Th ere is telescreens everywhere. If you try to uncover what Big Brother is trying to do, you will be caught and executed. The party wants to control the past, present, and future. You are not allowed to have a diary; theirRead MoreEating Disorders and the Media Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican writer Allen Ginsberg once said: Whoever controls the media-the images-controls the culture. Nothing could be truer, the media has always influenced fashion and body shape. But whats remarkable now is how much the media affects body image, and how willing and eager people are to mess with Mother Nature. (Underwood, par.2) Although there are other factors that contribute to eating disorders the media can partially be blamed for the millions of people with eating disorders because it promotes andRead MoreDemocratic Vs Democrats Vs Republicans824 Words   |  4 PagesDemocrats vs. Republicans!!! I suppose there must have been a time when these two parties co-existed respectively. Well the aftermath of the George Bush era has shown a lot different scenario. Most notably upon the heels of President Barack Obama being elected to two consecutive terms in 2008 and 2012. Hence, this is when the true division of a supposedly fruitful country showed its true colors. The Unwelcomed Guest In November of 2008, Barack Obama became the first African-American man toRead MoreVideo Games: Another World or Reality?1658 Words   |  7 Pagesof the all American adults play video games, with one in five playing every day (Marcovitz 13). There are some who think that video games promote real-life violence. Newport, Tennessee 2003, a 15-year old and 13-year old took their fathers .22 caliber rifles and opened fire on an interstate highway. Before this event, earlier that day they had been playing Grand Theft Auto III. It was the 13-year olds idea to steal the guns and go shoot at the real thing, instead of the virtual thing. When they

Advanced Care planning & Palliative Care-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Write an essay on Advanced Care planning and Palliative Care. Answer: With the advancement of age, diseases and disorders become all the more rampant in the elderly population that further necessitates the requirement to resort to definite healthcare interventions to combat the situation. In this context, advanced care planning (ACP) plays a pivotal role by virtue of which measures in keeping with the patients goals, beliefs, values and preferences are maintained to promote healthcare even in the absence of the lack of communication of the patient to take decisions. Thus, satisfaction of both the client as well as the family members may be achieved through ACP and has gained prominence in the end of life care facilities when the patient is incapable of deciding for themselves (Mullick, Martin Sallnow, 2013). Palliative care directed to treatment for terminally ill patients through a multidisciplinary approach often resorts to ACP for guiding effective patient care through a more integrative and clear infrastructural framework (Imam et al., 2016). Howe ver, it is imperative to maintain ethical virtues for achieving optimal outcomes that favors the use of ACP for palliative care. Matter related to ACP calls for great attention and sensitivity from the healthcare staff associated as their actions directly affect the decision making process while strategizing therapeutic interventions for the patient. Cooperation of the healthcare personnel, care workers, family members and the patient is indispensable in this regard to offer holistic solutions to the patient. Abidance by the ACP in end-of-life care is crucial to respect for and acting in conformity with the patients preferences so that there occurs no breach in autonomy of the patient (Stevenson ODonnell, 2015). In case of patients afflicted by life threatening diseases such as cancer, heart failure and other debilitating neurological disorders are likely to be represents restriction in their activities of daily living whereby ACP becomes even more relevant and suitable for application. Lack of decisiveness on the patients part in such situations accentuates the urgency for taking measures consistent with the ACP. Information about the prognosis for uncertainty in the setting must be provided through active engagement of the patient in discussion surrounding goals and values. For fostering further care provision review and recommendations have been suggested. A consensus must be reached to drive positive changes for patient care (Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, Rietjens van der Heide, 2014). Thus, it is important to maintain the ethical and legal guidelines for harboring best possible outcomes for patient having ACP. Growing volumes of data in the recent times have provided insights on the issue related to ageing and the associated health problems that arise parallel to the process of advancing age in the geriatric population. Introduction of ACP has paved the way for fostering better healthcare service for persons in palliative care but requires complex and multifaceted approach involving participation of healthcare professionals, patients, caregivers under the framework of legislature and healthcare system (Lovell Yates, 2014). Hence, following of suitable strategies is vital to provide adequate resources and opportunities for patients to ensure quicker recovery through comprehensive, pertinent interventions. References Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A., van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1000-1025. Imam, T., Jones, T., Afolayan, S., Raje, S. (2016). Advanced care planning in the elderly, are we doing it?.Clinical Medicine,16(Suppl 3), s19-s19. Lovell, A., Yates, P. (2014). Advance care planning in palliative care: a systematic literature review of the contextual factors influencing its uptake 20082012.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1026-1035. Mullick, A., Martin, J., Sallnow, L. (2013). An introduction to advance care planning in practice.Bmj,347, f6064. Stevenson, L. W., ODonnell, A. (2015). Advanced Care Planning