Background And Introduction Of Kingsgrove High School

Background and Introduction Kingsgrove High School is a comprehensive, co-educational secondary public school in the Rockdale region. According to the data presented on the My School website, students are predominately from low socio-economic backgrounds with a below average school Index of Community Socio-Educational Advantage (ICSEA) of 988 (Myschool, 2014). Kingsgrove High School also has 85% of students with Language Backgrounds Other Than English (Myschool, 2014). More than half of the total regional population (54.4%) speaks a language other than English at home (ABS, 2011). The school incorporates a P C into the school culture. However, Kingsgrove High School has a higher level of EAL/D students (85%), which means there are potentially more students requiring support. As such, it is an essential call for funding to a research project Engaging Parents from EAL/D Background in School Cultural Activities. Our project will take reasonable and achievable steps to design, implement and evaluate what stimulate parental engagement in ‘school life’ and how to engage in the school culture. Research suggest that children benefit from family-school collaborations that provide parents with opportunities to shape their children’s learning (Krejci, 2002). Working with parents collaboratively shown a positive impact on students’ learning outcome (Swap, 1987). This literature review will explore the existing research that frame the issues of what stimulates parental engagement in

Tilapia; from the Nile to the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1208 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This study addressed the potential of tilapia aquaculture as a major contributor to food production and poverty alleviation all over the world. To encompass this subject, tilapia history, origin, aquaculture potential, constraints, current and future production levels were reviewed. Tilapias are native to the River Nile and Africa in general then they were introduced and disseminated worldwide. Positive aquacultural characteristics of tilapia made tilapias the most cultured species worldwide now and in the near future. Tilapia world production is expected to reach 3 million tons this year 2010. Thus, tilapias could make a significant contribution to the livelihoods support especially in the tropical and subtropical countries. Key words: Tilapia, Oreochromis, Sarotherodon, introduction, production, River Nile. INTRODUCTION Tilapia is the second world wide cultured species after carps. They are also known as â€Å"Aquaculture Chicken† as they are present in all continents except Antarctic. Tilapia culture goes back to the ancient Egyptians who cultured Nile tilapia in ponds around 5000 years ago as indicated by paints on the walls of Pharaohs’ tombs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tilapia; from the Nile to the World" essay for you Create order Moreover, tilapia has a Hilogryphs and was known as in. t. Aristotle named it as â€Å"Nile Tilapia† or fish of the Nile; 300 years BC. Thus, Tilapia is native to the Nile River (Fig. 1) and to Africa in general (1 and 2). Tilapias were then introduced to many countries in the 1950s and 1960s as a wonder fish. Although tilapia had certainly, a major impact on aquaculture developments in Asia and the Pacific since the 1970s, there are some claims that tilapias are invasive and affected the native species in the natural water ecosystems. However, there is scant explicit evidence to indicate that tilapias have been overly destructive environmentally (6). Such claims frightened and prevented some countries such as Australia to introduce tilapia culture to their lands. Therefore, the objective of this study is to review tilapia production, the constraints hindering global tilapia culture and to discuss the suggested solutions as well as future perspectives. Fig. 1 Map of the River Nile Taxonomical classification Recently, there are 3 main genera of tilapia (under family Cichlidae) according to the reproductive behavior; Oreochromis (Females only are mouth brooders), Sarotherodon (both males and females share in the process of mouth incubation of eggs, larvae and frys) and Tilapia (substrate breeders) (Figs. 2 3). Before 1970s, all tilapia species were categorized under 1 genus; tilapia. Commonly, tilapia nilotica is still used by some scientists who don’t accept the modern classification (1). Fig. 2 The most common Tilapia species and hybrids Fig. 3 Reproductive behavior of tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus Introduction of tilapia to Asia and to the world Although aquaculture is considered an old tradition, modern aquaculture is essentially a post-1950 phenomenon. O. niloticus became the preferred tilapia species for aquaculture in the region (3). Although it is difficult to assess whether this species has made a significant contribution to the animal protein needs of rural Asian communities, it certainly had a major impact on aquaculture developments in Asia and the Pacific since the 1970s. Twelve tilapia species (six Oreochromis spp. ; two Sarotherodon spp. ; and four Tilapia spp. ) and one hybrid have been introduced into 30 Asian countries. Of the species introduced to Asia, O. mossambicus and O. niloticus are by far the most important from both production and scientific points of view. These species are now widely distributed in most of Asia and occur in natural and quasi-natural waters making them a part of the fish fauna of most of tropical and even sub-tropical Asian aquatic environments (4). The red tilapia, a hybrid between strains of O. mossambicus x O. niloticus is currently considered as important to aquaculture in Asia (5). In general, Tilapias have been introduced into over 90 countries worldwide, with a global distribution second only to common carp. Although tilapia has been associated with adverse environmental impacts, detailed analysis of the literature suggested that other factors, such as over fishing, environmental degradation from land-based activities, and changes in hydrological regime have probably been more responsible for adverse impacts. It is clear that numerous factors working together can impact biodiversity. It is also clear that tilapias, as a group of alien species, have made a significant contribution to food production, poverty alleviation and livelihoods support in Asia and the Pacific. In spite of the wide-scale introduction into Asian waters, there is scant explicit evidence to indicate that tilapias have been overly destructive environmentally (6). Thus, Asian countries are major producers and consumers (7) Tilapia Production The current aquaculture production (2002) of tilapias is about 1. 5 million tones, the great bulk of which takes place in Asia accounting for nearly 80 percent of the total world production. It is important to note, however, that tilapia culture in Africa and South America is also increasing. Prior to the mid-1990s, the yield of tilapia from capture fisheries was greater than that from aquaculture. Currently, the later accounts for approximately 2. 5 times the production from capture fisheries. Tilapia aquaculture production increased from 28 000 tons to 1. 504 million tons globally from 1970 to 2002; in Asia and the Pacific, production increased from 23 000 tons to 1. 192 million tons equivalent to an annual growth rate of 13. 2 percent and 13. 1 percent, respectively. In contrast, capture fisheries for tilapias have grown at the rate of 3. 5 percent per annum. China alone produces nearly half of the world tilapia production followed by Egypt, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan (Fig. ). Tilapias can be reared in ponds, tanks, cages and rice fields. Fig. 4 The highest ranked countries in Tilapia production Constraints of Tilapia culture †¢Over-population due to early sexual maturity of tilapia. †¢Cold sensitivity. †¢Vulnerability for toxins of blue green algae in case of tilapia monoculture. †¢Claims of invasiveness of tilapia. Suggested solutions a nd useful practices †¢Production of monosex tilapia via Genetic hybridization. †¢Avoid hormonal monosex production. †¢Sterilization. †¢Polyculture with predators like catfish. †¢Crossing with cold resistant strains such as O. ureus. †¢More research is still needed to mitigate the sensitivity to blue green algae’s toxin. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Positive aquacultural characteristics of tilapia as their tolerance to poor water quality, easy spawning, biological controllers for aquatic weeds and mosquitoes as well as the fact that they eat a wide range of natural food organisms make tilapias the most cultured species worldwide now and in the near future. Tilapia world production is expected to reach 3 million tons in this year 2010 (Fig. 5) (double of tilapia production in 2002). Thus, tilapias could make a significant contribution to food production, poverty alleviation and livelihoods support all over the world especially in the tropical and subtropical countries. Fig. 5 Future global tilapia production from aquaculture REFERENCES 1- SRAC; Southern Regional Aquaculture Center (1999): â€Å"Tilapia Life History and Biology†. SRAC Publication No. 283. 2- www. miami-aquaculture. com 3- Smith, I. R. and Pullin, R. S. V. (1984): â€Å"Tilapia production booms in the Philippines†. ICLARM Newsletter 7: 7 9. 4- Pethiyagoda, R. (1994): â€Å"Treats to indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their conservation†. Hydrobiologia 285: 189 201. 5- Welcomme, R. L. Vidthayanon, C. (1999): â€Å"Report on the impacts of introductions and stocking in the Mekong Basin and policies for control. Management of Reservoir Fisheries in the Mekong Basin†, Phase I. Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Mekong River Commission, 62 pp. 6- De Silva, S. S; Subasinghe, R. P. ; Bartley, D. M. ; Lowther, A. (2004): â€Å"Tilapias as alien aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: a review†. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 453. Rome, FAO. 2004. 65p. 7- Kevin Fitzsimmons (2008): â€Å"Global Update 2008: Tilapia Production, Innovations, and Markets†. Orlando, FL, Aquaculture America, Feb 2008.

A Lot Of People See Gun Control In Every Way, Shape And

A lot of people see gun control in every way, shape and form as taking a bit of our freedom away. Others do not have an issue with gun control. Gun control is an issue of safety, education, race, and politics. Most gun owning Americans believe that just because certain people do not know how to use their freedom of having control over their own guns does not mean everyone else should have their freedom of gun control and ownership taken away by liberal politicians, most who have not even owned or shot a gun in their whole entire life. The Second Amendment of the United States Constitutions says that the people have the right to bear arms and it is not to be infringed. There is a reason why it is in the Bill of Rights and there is also a†¦show more content†¦Therefore, when a person is going to commit a crime upon someone they might think twice about what they are going to do, because they have no idea if that person is carrying a gun or not. The United States has become very restrictive when granting a person to own guns. Certain states have come up with the Shall Issue law, which prevents anyone to own, or carry firearms if that person has a criminal record with a felony or has a mental disorder. Many states even require a permit to carry a concealed gun in public. Most people learn about responsibility during their childhood and what they learn reflects what they do and how they act when they get older and become adults. Children that live in a good household tend to have better understandings of life and respect other people and their lives. Children would also have a better idea of recreation, for example hunting, and for a mean of protection from criminals. On the other hand, the children who grow up in problematic homes and that have uncaring parents, who are usually criminals themselves, tend to turn to crime. They are just doing what they believe is right, since that is how they were raised. So, we need to educate children about the potential dangers of firearms if they are not respected and treated with care. Most Americans who believe that more guns equal more crime are afraid of the people who carry guns in public places, openShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1195 Words   |  5 PagesCameron Rose Mrs. Rose P.5 Gun Control, Research Paper 25 February 2016 â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Bill of Rights, 1791). As said by our founding fathers, over two centuries ago, the right to own guns will not be taken away. However recently, there has been a push for a ban on guns, due to the increase in school shootings, homicides, and suicides over the years. Because of thisRead MoreThe National Rifle Association of America Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesis going on right now with the NRA and the issues that they are defending. 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Advanced Care planning & Palliative Care-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Write an essay on Advanced Care planning and Palliative Care. Answer: With the advancement of age, diseases and disorders become all the more rampant in the elderly population that further necessitates the requirement to resort to definite healthcare interventions to combat the situation. In this context, advanced care planning (ACP) plays a pivotal role by virtue of which measures in keeping with the patients goals, beliefs, values and preferences are maintained to promote healthcare even in the absence of the lack of communication of the patient to take decisions. Thus, satisfaction of both the client as well as the family members may be achieved through ACP and has gained prominence in the end of life care facilities when the patient is incapable of deciding for themselves (Mullick, Martin Sallnow, 2013). Palliative care directed to treatment for terminally ill patients through a multidisciplinary approach often resorts to ACP for guiding effective patient care through a more integrative and clear infrastructural framework (Imam et al., 2016). Howe ver, it is imperative to maintain ethical virtues for achieving optimal outcomes that favors the use of ACP for palliative care. Matter related to ACP calls for great attention and sensitivity from the healthcare staff associated as their actions directly affect the decision making process while strategizing therapeutic interventions for the patient. Cooperation of the healthcare personnel, care workers, family members and the patient is indispensable in this regard to offer holistic solutions to the patient. Abidance by the ACP in end-of-life care is crucial to respect for and acting in conformity with the patients preferences so that there occurs no breach in autonomy of the patient (Stevenson ODonnell, 2015). In case of patients afflicted by life threatening diseases such as cancer, heart failure and other debilitating neurological disorders are likely to be represents restriction in their activities of daily living whereby ACP becomes even more relevant and suitable for application. Lack of decisiveness on the patients part in such situations accentuates the urgency for taking measures consistent with the ACP. Information about the prognosis for uncertainty in the setting must be provided through active engagement of the patient in discussion surrounding goals and values. For fostering further care provision review and recommendations have been suggested. A consensus must be reached to drive positive changes for patient care (Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, Rietjens van der Heide, 2014). Thus, it is important to maintain the ethical and legal guidelines for harboring best possible outcomes for patient having ACP. Growing volumes of data in the recent times have provided insights on the issue related to ageing and the associated health problems that arise parallel to the process of advancing age in the geriatric population. Introduction of ACP has paved the way for fostering better healthcare service for persons in palliative care but requires complex and multifaceted approach involving participation of healthcare professionals, patients, caregivers under the framework of legislature and healthcare system (Lovell Yates, 2014). Hence, following of suitable strategies is vital to provide adequate resources and opportunities for patients to ensure quicker recovery through comprehensive, pertinent interventions. References Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J. A., van der Heide, A. (2014). The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1000-1025. Imam, T., Jones, T., Afolayan, S., Raje, S. (2016). Advanced care planning in the elderly, are we doing it?.Clinical Medicine,16(Suppl 3), s19-s19. Lovell, A., Yates, P. (2014). Advance care planning in palliative care: a systematic literature review of the contextual factors influencing its uptake 20082012.Palliative medicine,28(8), 1026-1035. Mullick, A., Martin, J., Sallnow, L. (2013). An introduction to advance care planning in practice.Bmj,347, f6064. Stevenson, L. W., ODonnell, A. (2015). Advanced Care Planning

Are Freuds Theories Of The Oral And Anal Personalities Like essays

Are Freud's Theories Of The Oral And Anal Personalities Like essays This question immediately raises the problem, "how are we to determine which parts of Freudian theory are 'good'?" Freud may well have argued that the evidence he documented from his psychotherapy sessions was sufficient, whilst behaviourists would demand that the various aspects of a theory could only be recognised as 'good' after being exposed to the full rigours of the scientific method. I personally don't feel that one can hope to design a repeatable experiment that will decisively illustrate the existence of, for example, the Oedipus complex. On the other hand I feel that we cannot simply accept a theory that has been moulded to fit a certain experimenters observations, coloured as they must be by their own personality, prejudices, and society. Therefore in this essay I will examine the empirical evidence from studies conducted on these most controversial of Freud's theories, and where that evidence appears on balance to give support to that particular theory, I will accept it a s 'good'. As I said earlier some will regard this measure of worth as too lax to be of any use, whilst others will object to the application of science to the process of personality development, a process that is infinitely complex and unique, and so beyond science. Freud's theories of the oral and anal personality are centred around the idea that the infant is able to experience sexual sensations, and that the basis for these sensations changes during early development. If an infant is over or under stimulated during one of these stages fixation will occur, and certain personality traits will develop. The oral personality, according to Kline (1984) consists of two not entirely opposed constellations of traits, the optimistic oral, associated with late weaning, and the pessimistic oral, associated with early weaning. As both situations cause fixation at the oral stage, many traits are common to both types. Goldman-Eisler (1951) conducted a study, th...

HP essays

HP essays Hewlett-Packard Company (HP) provides IT products and solutions covering infrastructure, personal computing and access devices, imaging and printing. HP trades on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and trades under the symbol HPQ. HP recorded revenues of $73.1 billion during fiscal year ended October 2003, an increase of 29.1% over fiscal 2002. The increase is mainly due to the acquisition of Compaq. This is considered to be the largest merger integration in the history of our industry (Fiorina, 2003 HP Annual Report) The Balance Sheet analysis will consist of three parts. I will first analyze HPs liabilities, followed by equity, and finally, assets will be discussed. Current Liabilities and Long Term Debt Hps Current liabilities have increased over a three year period. Mainly, this is due the Compaq merger. Taking a closer look at how current liabilities are disclosed we can see that this increase is due mainly on an increase in Accounts payable and Other Accrued liabilities. As we can see from the following exhibit we can see a decreased in other current liability accounts. Current liabilities: 2003 2002 Change Notes payable and short-term borrowings 1,080 1,793 Decrease Accounts payable 9,285 7,012 Increase Employee compensation and benefits 1,755 2,012 Increase Taxes on earnings 1,599 1,529 Increase Deferred revenue 3,657 3,260 Increase Accrued restructuring 709 1,309 Decrease Other accrued liabilities 8,545 7,395 Increase Total current liabilities 26,630 24,310 Increase Employee compensations have been reduced by $247 million. This is because HP historically used stock options and other forms of equity-related compensation as key components of their total rewards employee compensation program in order to align employees interests with the interests of the stockholders, encourag ...

Genetic Health information Critical thinking questions Assignment - 1

Genetic Health information Critical thinking questions - Assignment Example 4). The genetic code found in our DNA, has many potential insights for individual resistances and susceptibilities to diseases. The HGP is quite distinct from other biomedical research because it has been defined by a series of very quantifiable and concrete goals. For example, it has been used to construct physical and genetic maps. These maps have been used as vital research tools and have proved to be invaluable in determining more than 100 genes involved in diseases such as achondroplasia, breast cancer, colon cancer, and Huntington disease. HGP has simplified the human genetic code as well as animals and plants in a four-letter alphabet. These chemical constituents of each DNA molecule are A (adenine), C (cytosine), G (guanine) and T (thymine). The project has been able to explain that there are 23 pairs of chromosomes in each human cell, and each contains millions of these nucleotides. Through the project, it has been proved that there are 3 billion nucleotides. Studies on these chromosomes have been used clinically to explain to expectant mothers if they are going to give birth to a baby boy or girl. HGP has led to improved techniques of genetic screening for various diseases before birth. A genetic library has been created. This library contains genetic information of relatively homogeneous regions in human DNA. Therefore, individuals do not have considerable variability at this locus. If it is found out that a genetic disease is produced from a specific allele or mutation being present, screening can be done to identify who the individuals are. It is now possible to determine the chances that a child might inherit genetic disorders associated with parents by analyzing the parental gamete DNA. This has allowed genetic disorders to be corrected before birth. Research is also being carried on rapid selection and insertion of DNA into human individuals; these may soon lead to reproduction